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Structural

Aortic Valve Disease Learning Series

TAVR Complications & Management

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TAVR Complications & Management

Episodes

Infective Endocarditis in Patients Undergoing TAVR -Incidence, Outcome, and Recommendations for Prevention
Infective Endocarditis in Patients Undergoing TAVR -Incidence, Outcome, and Recommendations for Prevention
7 min.
Assessing Risk for Acute Coronary Occlusion
Assessing Risk for Acute Coronary Occlusion
13 min.
CTA to Screen for CAD: When Is It Enough?
CTA to Screen for CAD: When Is It Enough?
12 min.
Managing Failed TAVR: Patient Selection and the Role of CT Planning
Managing Failed TAVR: Patient Selection and the Role of CT Planning
8 min.
The ‘Reality’ of TAVR Explants
The ‘Reality’ of TAVR Explants
7 min.
The ‘Reality’ of Redo TAVR
The ‘Reality’ of Redo TAVR
14 min.
Navigating TAVR Failure Using App-Guided Decision Making
Navigating TAVR Failure Using App-Guided Decision Making
7 min.
Lifetime Management Considerations
Lifetime Management Considerations
17 min.
Managing Failed TAVR: Scope of the Problem
Managing Failed TAVR: Scope of the Problem
8 min.
When the PCI Performed Prior to TAVR Goes South, Maybe I Should  Have Waited Until After the TAVR . . .
When the PCI Performed Prior to TAVR Goes South, Maybe I Should Have Waited Until After the TAVR . . .
16 min.
A Femoral Complication Where Alternative Access Should Have Been Considered
A Femoral Complication Where Alternative Access Should Have Been Considered
12 min.
Paravalular Leak After TAVR: When to Treat and Options for Closure
Paravalular Leak After TAVR: When to Treat and Options for Closure
11 min.
High Residual Gradient After TAVR, Should You Be Concerned? Not if the Invasive Gradients Look Fine
High Residual Gradient After TAVR, Should You Be Concerned? Not if the Invasive Gradients Look Fine
5 min.
High Residual Gradient After TAVR, Should You Be Concerned? Echo Assessment Remains the Gold Standard
High Residual Gradient After TAVR, Should You Be Concerned? Echo Assessment Remains the Gold Standard
14 min.
Incidence and Clinical Implications of Conduction Disturbances After TAVR and Post Procedural Management
Incidence and Clinical Implications of Conduction Disturbances After TAVR and Post Procedural Management
12 min.
Management of HALT After TAVR:  Anticoagulation, Which Agent, How Long
Management of HALT After TAVR: Anticoagulation, Which Agent, How Long
13 min.
Valve Embolization:  Treatment Strategies
Valve Embolization: Treatment Strategies
12 min.
An Algorithm for Managing Catastrophic Hypotension During TAVR
An Algorithm for Managing Catastrophic Hypotension During TAVR
12 min.
Follow Up Imaging - In Whom, When, and How
Follow Up Imaging - In Whom, When, and How
14 min.
TCT 1504: Valve-in-Valve TAVR as a Treatment in Very Late, Anterograde Migration of a Transcatheter Aortic Valve
TCT 1504: Valve-in-Valve TAVR as a Treatment in Very Late, Anterograde Migration of a Transcatheter Aortic Valve
8 min.
TCT 1528: An Unusual Case of a Delayed Migration of a Transcatheter Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Into the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Managed With a Valve in Valve in Valve Procedure
TCT 1528: An Unusual Case of a Delayed Migration of a Transcatheter Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Into the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Managed With a Valve in Valve in Valve Procedure
9 min.
TCT 1137: Percutaneous Solution for Annulus Rupture During TAVR Implantation
TCT 1137: Percutaneous Solution for Annulus Rupture During TAVR Implantation
6 min.
TCT 1484: Emergency Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Intervention in a Nonagenarian for Treatment of Type A Aortic Dissection
TCT 1484: Emergency Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Intervention in a Nonagenarian for Treatment of Type A Aortic Dissection
9 min.
TCT 1586: Unexpected Complication Following Valve in Valve TAVR for Perforated Bioprosthesis
TCT 1586: Unexpected Complication Following Valve in Valve TAVR for Perforated Bioprosthesis
9 min.
TCT 1187: Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in a Failed Bioprosthetic Sutureless Valve Complicated by Left Main Obstruction
TCT 1187: Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in a Failed Bioprosthetic Sutureless Valve Complicated by Left Main Obstruction
8 min.
TCT 1223: An Acute Coronary Artery Obstruction Caused by Valsalva Thrombus After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR): A Case of Bail-Out Snorkel Stenting for Life-Threatening Periprocedural Thrombosis
TCT 1223: An Acute Coronary Artery Obstruction Caused by Valsalva Thrombus After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR): A Case of Bail-Out Snorkel Stenting for Life-Threatening Periprocedural Thrombosis
5 min.
Severe LM Stenosis and Aortic Stenosis
Severe LM Stenosis and Aortic Stenosis
6 min.
TCT 1238: Orthotopic Left Main Chimney Stenting to Prevent Stent Compression Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in a Patient With a Narrow Aortic Root
TCT 1238: Orthotopic Left Main Chimney Stenting to Prevent Stent Compression Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in a Patient With a Narrow Aortic Root
5 min.
TCT 1520: Complete Atrioventricular Block After Surgical Aortic Valve Implantation: A Case Report of Brief Atrioventricular Conduction Recovery Ultimately Requiring Permanent Pacemaker Implantation 
TCT 1520: Complete Atrioventricular Block After Surgical Aortic Valve Implantation: A Case Report of Brief Atrioventricular Conduction Recovery Ultimately Requiring Permanent Pacemaker Implantation 
10 min.
My Personal Guide to Prevention and Management of Valve Migration
My Personal Guide to Prevention and Management of Valve Migration
12 min.
TCT 1165: Valve Migration During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR): A Case of Bail-Out Valve-in-Valve Deployment Using the Snare Technique
TCT 1165: Valve Migration During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR): A Case of Bail-Out Valve-in-Valve Deployment Using the Snare Technique
7 min.
TCT 1453: Embolization of the Transcatheter Valve in the Ascending Aortic Arch During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Stabilized by Means of the Stent Implanting From Left Subclavian Artery to Aortic Arch Through the Strut Hole of Prosthesis
TCT 1453: Embolization of the Transcatheter Valve in the Ascending Aortic Arch During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Stabilized by Means of the Stent Implanting From Left Subclavian Artery to Aortic Arch Through the Strut Hole of Prosthesis
14 min.
TCT 1127: Commissural Malalignment of Degenerated Surgical Prosthesis and Risk of Coronary Occlusion Following TAVR in SAVR: Implications for BASILICA and Coronary Protection
TCT 1127: Commissural Malalignment of Degenerated Surgical Prosthesis and Risk of Coronary Occlusion Following TAVR in SAVR: Implications for BASILICA and Coronary Protection
10 min.
TCT 1212: Case of a First Dedicated Splitting Device in Failed TAVR Valve
TCT 1212: Case of a First Dedicated Splitting Device in Failed TAVR Valve
5 min.
Case-based Treatment of a Patient With Dyspnea and Increasing Transvalvular Gradients
Case-based Treatment of a Patient With Dyspnea and Increasing Transvalvular Gradients
19 min.
When to Consider TAVR Explant Or Redo ADR Surgery
When to Consider TAVR Explant Or Redo ADR Surgery
14 min.
In younger patients receiving TAVR: why does the first intervention matter?
In younger patients receiving TAVR: why does the first intervention matter?
19 min.
How to Interpret the Pathology Data From TAVR Explants
How to Interpret the Pathology Data From TAVR Explants
9 min.
Is Leaflet Modification Sufficient to Prevent Coronary Obstruction - When to Consider Snorkel Stenting
Is Leaflet Modification Sufficient to Prevent Coronary Obstruction - When to Consider Snorkel Stenting
16 min.
BASILICA or ShortCut for TAV-in-SAVR or TAV-in-TAV
BASILICA or ShortCut for TAV-in-SAVR or TAV-in-TAV
5 min.
Unsuccessful or Complicated Leaflet Modification in TAVR
Unsuccessful or Complicated Leaflet Modification in TAVR
19 min.
LIVE Case: New  TAVR - The Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
LIVE Case: New TAVR - The Heart Center Leipzig, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
36 min.
Insights of Disabling Stroke from the STS/ACC TVT Registry LBCT
Insights of Disabling Stroke from the STS/ACC TVT Registry LBCT
28 min.
Leaflet Modification Using the Shortcut Before Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients at Risk for Coronary Obstruction: Intra-Procedural Imaging Assessments of an International Case Experience
Leaflet Modification Using the Shortcut Before Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients at Risk for Coronary Obstruction: Intra-Procedural Imaging Assessments of an International Case Experience
16 min.
Case 1:  Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Dysfunction Resolution
Case 1: Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Dysfunction Resolution
3 min.
Coronary Obstruction Risk Assessment as Part of Lifetime Management Considerations
Coronary Obstruction Risk Assessment as Part of Lifetime Management Considerations
12 min.
Practical Considerations for Post-TAVR Stroke Therapy
Practical Considerations for Post-TAVR Stroke Therapy
15 min.
Pericardial Effusion After TAVR: Percutaneous Treatment Strategies
Pericardial Effusion After TAVR: Percutaneous Treatment Strategies
21 min.
TCT 1145: Double Snare-Assisted Valve Repositioning for TAVI in Aortic Regurgitation
TCT 1145: Double Snare-Assisted Valve Repositioning for TAVI in Aortic Regurgitation
8 min.
TCT 1203: First Report of Intravenous Thrombolysis for the Treatment of Severe Aortic Insufficiency Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
TCT 1203: First Report of Intravenous Thrombolysis for the Treatment of Severe Aortic Insufficiency Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
11 min.
TCT 1592: Management of Post-TAVR Severe PVL: A TAV-in-TAV Case
TCT 1592: Management of Post-TAVR Severe PVL: A TAV-in-TAV Case
9 min.
My Tips and Tricks for Prevention and Management of Coronary Obstruction
My Tips and Tricks for Prevention and Management of Coronary Obstruction
10 min.
Why Didn’t We Do That? Top 5 Considerations to Prevent Complications and Promote Optimal Outcome for TAVR
Why Didn’t We Do That? Top 5 Considerations to Prevent Complications and Promote Optimal Outcome for TAVR
9 min.
TCT 1362: UNICORN With a Self-Expanding Valve to Treat a Degenerated Balloon-Expandable Valve
TCT 1362: UNICORN With a Self-Expanding Valve to Treat a Degenerated Balloon-Expandable Valve
8 min.
How to Define and Manage Subclinical Leaflet Thrombosis
How to Define and Manage Subclinical Leaflet Thrombosis
15 min.
Valve Fracturing During Surgical Valve-in-Valve Procedures
Valve Fracturing During Surgical Valve-in-Valve Procedures
19 min.
CT Interrogation & Procedure Simulations of Failing Surgical Valves
CT Interrogation & Procedure Simulations of Failing Surgical Valves
12 min.
Not All Valves Are Designed Alike
Not All Valves Are Designed Alike
7 min.
Thoughts on Therapy Sequencing in Younger Patients With AS and Long Life Expectancy
Thoughts on Therapy Sequencing in Younger Patients With AS and Long Life Expectancy
14 min.
TAVR Durability: What Do We Know So Far?
TAVR Durability: What Do We Know So Far?
5 min.
Surgical Explants for Failed TAVR: Frequency, Outcomes, and Clinical Implications
Surgical Explants for Failed TAVR: Frequency, Outcomes, and Clinical Implications
6 min.
Pathobiologic Insights From TAVR Explants
Pathobiologic Insights From TAVR Explants
12 min.
Which endpoints and definitions matter for assessment of bioprosthetic valve durability following TAVR?
Which endpoints and definitions matter for assessment of bioprosthetic valve durability following TAVR?
17 min.
Cases 3/4 : SAVR at 10 Years and SVD at 2 Years: Echo and Clinical
Cases 3/4 : SAVR at 10 Years and SVD at 2 Years: Echo and Clinical
8 min.
Severe PPM and High Residual Gradient Are Frequent and Negatively Impact Outcomes Following TAVR (PRO)
Severe PPM and High Residual Gradient Are Frequent and Negatively Impact Outcomes Following TAVR (PRO)
6 min.
Severe PPM and High Residual Gradient Are Frequent and Negatively Impact Outcomes Following TAVR (PRO)
Severe PPM and High Residual Gradient Are Frequent and Negatively Impact Outcomes Following TAVR (PRO)
14 min.
Cases 1/2 : TAVR at 8 Years  and SVD at 2 Years
Cases 1/2 : TAVR at 8 Years and SVD at 2 Years
9 min.
The 2024 'Toolbox' for Leaflet Modification in TAVR
The 2024 'Toolbox' for Leaflet Modification in TAVR
6 min.
Leaflet Modification for TAV-in-TAV
Leaflet Modification for TAV-in-TAV
5 min.
SAVR After TAVR: A Dangerous Epidemic?
SAVR After TAVR: A Dangerous Epidemic?
10 min.
Tips and Tricks for TAVR Explantation
Tips and Tricks for TAVR Explantation
14 min.
Dealing With Hemopericardium, Retroperitoneal Bleeding, and Annular Disruption
Dealing With Hemopericardium, Retroperitoneal Bleeding, and Annular Disruption
17 min.
Projecting the Frequency of Failed Transcatheter Aortic Valves
Projecting the Frequency of Failed Transcatheter Aortic Valves
15 min.
The Coronary Access Conundrum in Revalving Strategies
The Coronary Access Conundrum in Revalving Strategies
12 min.
LIVE Case: New TAVR  -The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
LIVE Case: New TAVR -The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
25 min.
Case 1:  Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Dysfunction
Case 1: Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Dysfunction
4 min.
Planning for Aortic and Mitral Valve-in-Valve:  Deciding the Need for Leaflet Laceration
Planning for Aortic and Mitral Valve-in-Valve: Deciding the Need for Leaflet Laceration
11 min.
Practical Tips for Cerebral Embolic Protection: From Clinical Trials to Clinical Practice
Practical Tips for Cerebral Embolic Protection: From Clinical Trials to Clinical Practice
13 min.
Modern Era Clinical Trial Strategies For Cerebral Embolic Protection Devices
Modern Era Clinical Trial Strategies For Cerebral Embolic Protection Devices
17 min.
The Promise of Next Generation Cerebral Embolic Protection Devices
The Promise of Next Generation Cerebral Embolic Protection Devices
16 min.
Pericardial Effusion After TAVR: Percutaneous Treatment Strategies
Pericardial Effusion After TAVR: Percutaneous Treatment Strategies
21 min.
Vascular Access Complications (Ascending Aorta to CFA) – Percutaneous Repair Strategies
Vascular Access Complications (Ascending Aorta to CFA) – Percutaneous Repair Strategies
13 min.
Incidence and Relevance of New-onset LBBB and PPM Implantation in the Current Era
Incidence and Relevance of New-onset LBBB and PPM Implantation in the Current Era
15 min.
A Practical Guide to Reduce Conduction Disturbance After TAVR
A Practical Guide to Reduce Conduction Disturbance After TAVR
15 min.
Post-TAVR Risk-Stratification for Conduction Disturbances
Post-TAVR Risk-Stratification for Conduction Disturbances
16 min.
Lessons From Off Label TAVR Use in Pure AR – Tips & Tricks
Lessons From Off Label TAVR Use in Pure AR – Tips & Tricks
13 min.
LIVE Case: TAVR in BAVD – NewYork-Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
LIVE Case: TAVR in BAVD – NewYork-Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
42 min.
Predictors of Bioprosthetic Valve Dysfunction From the Randomized SMART Trial
Predictors of Bioprosthetic Valve Dysfunction From the Randomized SMART Trial
13 min.
Structural Keynote Lecture: Cerebral Microbleeds during TAVR: Imaging Findings and Clinical Relevance
Structural Keynote Lecture: Cerebral Microbleeds during TAVR: Imaging Findings and Clinical Relevance
10 min.
Cerebral Microbleeds During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Prospective Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study Cohort
Cerebral Microbleeds During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Prospective Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study Cohort
10 min.
The Problem Is Not Gone: Assessing and Managing Paravalvular Leak
The Problem Is Not Gone: Assessing and Managing Paravalvular Leak
20 min.
It Isn’t Over Until The Patient Leaves the Hospital: Conduction Disturbances, Medical Therapies, and Other Issues
It Isn’t Over Until The Patient Leaves the Hospital: Conduction Disturbances, Medical Therapies, and Other Issues
12 min.
Understanding the Magnitude and Importance of TAVR Complications in Modern Clinical Practice
Understanding the Magnitude and Importance of TAVR Complications in Modern Clinical Practice
15 min.
Conduction Disturbances: Prevention and Management
Conduction Disturbances: Prevention and Management
9 min.
Defining Valve Thrombosis: Making Sense of Alphabet Soup
Defining Valve Thrombosis: Making Sense of Alphabet Soup
5 min.
A Challenging Case of Clinical Valve Thrombosis
A Challenging Case of Clinical Valve Thrombosis
3 min.
Clinical Valve Thrombosis: Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis
Clinical Valve Thrombosis: Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis
14 min.
A Challenging Case of Subclinical Leaflet Thrombosis
A Challenging Case of Subclinical Leaflet Thrombosis
3 min.
Subclinical Leaflet Thrombosis: Detection and Management
Subclinical Leaflet Thrombosis: Detection and Management
9 min.
Prevention and Management of Coronary Obstruction in VIV-TAVR
Prevention and Management of Coronary Obstruction in VIV-TAVR
9 min.
Keynote Lecture: Essentials of Multispecialty Management of Endocarditis
Keynote Lecture: Essentials of Multispecialty Management of Endocarditis
8 min.
Structural Keynote Lecture: A Practical Guide to Prevention and Management of Coronary Complications of TAVR
Structural Keynote Lecture: A Practical Guide to Prevention and Management of Coronary Complications of TAVR
11 min.
Assessing the Risk of LV Failure After TAVR
Assessing the Risk of LV Failure After TAVR
15 min.
Structural Keynote Lecture: My Tips and Tricks for Managing the Unwanted Openings Post TAVR
Structural Keynote Lecture: My Tips and Tricks for Managing the Unwanted Openings Post TAVR
10 min.
Predicting Ischemic and Bleeding Risk in Patients after PCI on DAPT:  An Individualized Patient Centered Machine Learning Model
Predicting Ischemic and Bleeding Risk in Patients after PCI on DAPT: An Individualized Patient Centered Machine Learning Model
9 min.
Percutaneous Closure of Aortic to Right Ventricle Fistula After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: 3D Printing Saved the Day
Percutaneous Closure of Aortic to Right Ventricle Fistula After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: 3D Printing Saved the Day
13 min.
Aortic Stenosis TAVR With Annular Rupture/ Tamponade
Aortic Stenosis TAVR With Annular Rupture/ Tamponade
14 min.
Case Presentation 3: Favoring TAVR Explant: When to Throw in the Towel and Operate
Case Presentation 3: Favoring TAVR Explant: When to Throw in the Towel and Operate
8 min.
SPOTLIGHT LECTURE: Failed TAVR Management -Lessons Learned From Registry Experiences
SPOTLIGHT LECTURE: Failed TAVR Management -Lessons Learned From Registry Experiences
14 min.
Unusual cause of myocardial infarction following transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Unusual cause of myocardial infarction following transcatheter aortic valve replacement
8 min.
Late coronary obstruction after TAVR
Late coronary obstruction after TAVR
11 min.
Post valve-in-valve:  PCI and atherectomy in a patient with impossible-to-engage coronaries
Post valve-in-valve:  PCI and atherectomy in a patient with impossible-to-engage coronaries
9 min.
Why Long-Term Valve Performance Matter
Why Long-Term Valve Performance Matter
11 min.
Future Interventions
Future Interventions
18 min.
SAPIEN 3 TAVR Durability
SAPIEN 3 TAVR Durability
22 min.
Lifetime Management of Aortic Stenosis:  The Importance of Choosing the First Valve
Lifetime Management of Aortic Stenosis: The Importance of Choosing the First Valve
16 min.
Case-Based Approach to Patients With Severe AS and MR (Degenerative and Functional)
Case-Based Approach to Patients With Severe AS and MR (Degenerative and Functional)
11 min.
Ascending Aorta Dilation & TAVR vs SAVR: When Should it Matter?
Ascending Aorta Dilation & TAVR vs SAVR: When Should it Matter?
15 min.
Position 1: Echo First and Only for Identification of Bioprosthetic Valve Dysfunction Following TAVR
Position 1: Echo First and Only for Identification of Bioprosthetic Valve Dysfunction Following TAVR
7 min.
Position 2: Echo Overestimates Bioprosthetic Valve Gradients Following TAVR. Always Confirm With Invasive Assessment
Position 2: Echo Overestimates Bioprosthetic Valve Gradients Following TAVR. Always Confirm With Invasive Assessment
6 min.
Clinical Implications of Prosthesis-Patient Mismatch and High Residual Gradients After AVR
Clinical Implications of Prosthesis-Patient Mismatch and High Residual Gradients After AVR
26 min.
The Stroke Issue and When to Consider Cerebral Embolic Protection Devices (CEPD)
The Stroke Issue and When to Consider Cerebral Embolic Protection Devices (CEPD)
14 min.
Protecting Coronary Access During TAVR (BASILICA, Snorkel Stenting, Commissural Alignment)
Protecting Coronary Access During TAVR (BASILICA, Snorkel Stenting, Commissural Alignment)
10 min.
Prevention and Management of PVL: When to Intervene (With Case Examples)
Prevention and Management of PVL: When to Intervene (With Case Examples)
9 min.
Prevention and Management of Conduction Disturbances (With Case Examples)
Prevention and Management of Conduction Disturbances (With Case Examples)
12 min.
Management of CAD Before and After TAVR
Management of CAD Before and After TAVR
14 min.
SPOTLIGHT INNOVATION LECTURE: TAVR Innovation Priorities: From Short Term Outcomes to Lifetime Management
SPOTLIGHT INNOVATION LECTURE: TAVR Innovation Priorities: From Short Term Outcomes to Lifetime Management
11 min.
TAVR Explant: What Every Interventionalist (and Surgeon) Needs to Know
TAVR Explant: What Every Interventionalist (and Surgeon) Needs to Know
8 min.
Management of Concomitant Coronary Disease in AVR-Eligible Patients – COMPLEAT or NOT?
Management of Concomitant Coronary Disease in AVR-Eligible Patients – COMPLEAT or NOT?
9 min.
TCT 719: Subacute migration of balloon-expandable transcatheter aortic valve to ventricle in the Setting of Aortic Regurgitation
TCT 719: Subacute migration of balloon-expandable transcatheter aortic valve to ventricle in the Setting of Aortic Regurgitation
5 min.
TCT 770: S3 Ultra can be used to anchor the CoreValve in ventricular migration during transcatheter aortic valve replacement in pure aortic insufficiency
TCT 770: S3 Ultra can be used to anchor the CoreValve in ventricular migration during transcatheter aortic valve replacement in pure aortic insufficiency
6 min.
Unveiling the Mechanisms of Transcatheter Valve Failure: Anatomical Location Does Matter!
Unveiling the Mechanisms of Transcatheter Valve Failure: Anatomical Location Does Matter!
13 min.